Alternativas metodológicas para docentes que atienden educandos ciegos
Methodological alternatives for teachers who serve blind students
Keywords:
aprendizaje, educandos, ciegos, inclusión, alternativaAbstract
Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación sobre el aprendizaje de los educandos ciegos, en las actuales exigencias de la inclusión educativa y mediado por la preparación del docente. El estudio se realiza a partir de limitaciones en la metodología utilizada para que los educandos ciegos puedan abordar la percepción de objetos y fenómenos del medio, que tienen su base en la insuficiente utilización de recursos metodológicos para abordar el verbalismo, así como en el poco dominio, por parte de los docentes, de los fundamentos neurocognitivos y de los recursos y apoyos a utilizar desde el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Para contribuir a resolver esta problemática se emplearon los métodos análisis documental, observación a clases, la entrevista a docentes, el análisis del producto de la actividad y la entrevista a especialistas. El principal resultado obtenido es una alternativa metodológica que atraviesa las diferentes formas de trabajo docente metodológico para la preparación del docente. Las formas utilizadas en esta investigación fueron: el taller metodológico, el despacho metodológico, la preparación de asignatura, la visita de ayuda metodológica y el control a clases. Se puede concluir que una adecuada metodología de preparación al docente contribuye al proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje teniendo en cuenta las exigencias metodológicas, el análisis metodológico y los recursos didácticos metodológicos que debe tener en cuenta el docente durante la planificación de la clase.
Abstract:
This article is the result of an investigation on the learning of blind students, in the current demands of educational inclusion and mediated by teacher preparation. The study is carried out based on limitations in the methodology used so that blind students can address the perception of objects and phenomena of the environment, which are based on the insufficient use of methodological resources to address verbalism, as well as on the little mastery, on the part of the teachers, of the neurocognitive foundations and of the resources and supports to be used from the teaching-learning process. To contribute to solving this problem, the methods of documentary analysis, class observation, the teacher interview, the analysis of the product of the activity and the interview with specialists were used. The main result obtained is a methodological alternative that goes through the different forms of methodological teaching work for the preparation of the teacher. The forms used in this research were: the methodological workshop, the methodological office, the preparation of the subject, the visit of methodological help and the control of classes. It can be concluded that an adequate teacher preparation methodology contributes to the teaching-learning process, taking into account the methodological requirements, the methodological analysis and the methodological teaching resources that the teacher must take into account during class planning.
Keywords: learning; learners; inclusion; alternative.
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