De trasmisión de conocimientos a desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento. Segunda Parte: Segunda Ley de Newton
From knowledge transmission to develop thinking abilities. Second Part: Newton’ Second Law
Keywords:
Habilidades de pensamiento, experimento mental, masa, fuerza, inconsistencia lógica, validez externaAbstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo es brindar a los profesores de Física en ejercicio, algunos ejemplos de cómo puede tomarse la enseñanza de la Física como una vía para desarrollar las habilidades de pensamiento. Esto es tan importante o aún más importante que aprender Física, téngase en cuenta que hay un numeroso grupo de alumnos que la estudian y sólo un grupo muy reducido de ellos que la aplican en su trabajo, sin embargo todos requieren que la escuela contribuya, y cada día más, al desarrollo de las habilidades de pensamiento. Se establece como método para estimular este desarrollo, la formulación de preguntas que hagan valorar las inferencias que se extraen de los experimentos y que se pueden utilizar para inducir de ellos, la Segunda Ley de Newton. El resultado que se obtiene es un conjunto de preguntas y de valoraciones que corresponden con el objetivo del presente trabajo, con la sugerencia de que se introduzcan en el curso, no necesariamente en las clases; pueden utilizarse medios alternativos para presentar estos contenidos. En este trabajo, además de los fundamentos teóricos presentados aquí y en la primera parte de esta serie de tres artículos, se tienen en cuenta la experiencia del autor en más de 40 años como profesor de Física General y de algunos como entrenador de alumnos para las Olimpiadas Internacionales de Física. En la bibliografía aparecen artículos del autor que constituyen raíces de las ideas presentadas en el actual.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is offer to acting Physics’ professors; some examples of how the Physics’ Teaching may be used with the scope of develop thinking abilities. This is as important as the learning Physics by itself but even more important. Take into account that a great number of scholars receive Physics courses and only a very few number of them applies Physics in their jobs, nevertheless all of them need that School contribute, and much more every day to develop thinking abilities. As a way to develop them, in this paper is established, the formulation of questions that incite the students to make valuations of the inferences, made from the experiments, that can be used to infer of them The Newton’s Second Law. The result obtained is a group of questions corresponding to the aim of this paper, with the suggestion of include them in the course, not necessarily in lectures. Alternates ways may be used for the introduction of these contents in the courses. In this paper, in addition to the theoretical basis presented here and in the first paper of the sequence of three papers, are taken into account the author experience in more than 40 years as General Physics Professor and some years as trainer of students for the International Physics Olympiads. In the bibliography appear author՝papers constitutive roots of the ideas presented in this paper.
Keywords: Thinking, abilities, mental experiment, mass, force, logical incoherence, external validity.
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