Consideraciones acerca de la inclusión socioeducativa de los educandos sordos en Cuba
Considerations about educational inclusion of deaf scholars in Cuba
Keywords:
inclusión socioeducativa, educandos sordos, Lengua de Señas Cubana, Identidad cultural sorda, desarrollo integralAbstract
El proceso de inclusión de educandos con necesidades educativas especiales constituye, sin dudas, uno de los temas más estudiados, debatidos y seguidos desde finales del siglo pasado hasta la actualidad por pedagogos y otros especialistas responsables de su materialización, tanto en Cuba como en el mundo. El presente artículo centró su atención en una de las aristas más controversiales de dicho fenómeno, la inclusión de educandos sordos en la educación general, sus condicionantes, su concreción en la práctica, sus resultados y consecuencias en el proceso de formación y desarrollo integral de la personalidad de los mismos. Fue sustentado en experiencias pedagógicas derivadas del intercambio en contextos escolares y extraescolares con niños, adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos sordos, objetos de dicho proceso. Se emplearon métodos científicos tales como la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación; así como, el referativo y el vivencial. Tuvo el objetivo de reflexionar acerca de aspectos determinantes en el éxito del proceso de inclusión socioeducativa de los educandos sordos, a partir de los factores, condiciones, concepciones y posiciones que se adoptan respecto al mismo. Se considera significativo el hecho de ofrecer una serie de argumentos vivenciales, sustentados en la teoría científica y la práctica profesional de los autores, desde los proyectos investigativos que se emprenden en el Centro Nacional de Superación y Desarrollo de la Persona Sorda, para contribuir al perfeccionamiento de este proceso y a elevar su efectividad en la educación de los niños sordos en Cuba.
Abstract:
The process of inclusion of students with special educational needs constitutes, without a doubt, one of the most studied, debated and followed topics since the end of the last century to the present day by pedagogues and other specialists responsible for its materialization, both in Cuba and in the world. This article was focused to attention about one of the most controversial aspects of this phenomenon, the inclusion of deaf students in regular education, its conditioning factors, its concretion in practice, its results and consequences in the process of education and integral development of their personality. It was based on pedagogical experiences derived from exchange in school and extracurricular contexts with deaf children, adolescents, youth and adults, objects of this process. Scientific methods such as interview, survey and observation are used; as well as, the referential and the experiential. It had the objective of reflecting on determining aspects in the success of the socio-educational inclusion process of deaf students, based on the factors, conditions, conceptions and positions that are adopted regarding it. It is considered significant to offer a series of evidential arguments, based on the scientific theory and professional practice of the authors, from the research projects that are undertaken at the National Center for Overcoming and Development of the Deaf Person, for supporting improvement of this process and to raise its effectiveness for education of deaf children in Cuba.
Keywords: socio-educational inclusion, deaf students, Cuban Sign Language, deaf cultural identity, integral development.
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